| History |
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| 30 September, 1991 |
Foundation |
| 1 October, 1998 |
Permitted as an aggregate corporation (Minister of Education) |
| 4 November, 2001 |
Registered as a management business operator under the "Law on Management Business of Copyright and Neighboring rights" |
| 7 March, 2002 |
Designated as a management business operator under the same law above |
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| Business |
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Mandated by copyright owners for exercising the reprographic right, |
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Conclude the reprographic utilization license agreement between users, |
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Receive the copying fee, |
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Distribute it to right owners. |
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| Role |
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| Mandated by copyright owners for exercising the right, promotes fair and smooth reprographic usage of works, via granting the collective license to users. |
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| The works managed by JRRC under the mandate are able to be searched (only in Japanese language) on our website page (http://www.jrrc.or.jp/search/index.html) about the following each member organization. |
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| Federation of Authors’ Organizations (FAO) (arts, photographs, literary works, scripts and scenarios） |
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Authors’ names, those rights are mandated, are placed according to the Japanese. |
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For each member organization, authors’ names are placed in the same manner as the above. |
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| Japan Publishers Copyright Organization (JCOPY) (books, magazines, periodicals, etc.) |
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Index of each book and publisher for each member publisher: book titles are placed according to the Japanese syllabary by publishers. |
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Index of each periodical and publisher for each member publisher: names of the periodicals are placed according to the Japanese syllabary by publishers.
（http://jcopy.or.jp/） |
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| Japan Academic Association for Copyright Clearance (JAACC) (periodicals and books published by academic associations, publications and bulletins issued by enterprises, universities, institutes, etc.） |
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| Copyright Council of Newspaper Publishers (CCNP) (newspapers) |
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| Names of the newspaper publishers and newspapers, those rights are mandated to JRRC via the Association, are placed according to the Japanese syllabary. |
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Individual license, and actual amount payment formula (blanket license agreement)
Usage fee = 2 yen x number of copied pages x number of sets |
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| Blanket license agreement |
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| 1 |
Actual Amount Formula.
the fee for the period of users’ report = 2 yen x quantity of copied so reported. |
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| 2 |
Fixed Amount by Survey Formula.
Annual fee = 2 yen x estimated annual quantity of copies. |
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| 3 |
Simplified Formula.
Users calculate the fee choosing one of the following 4 options. |
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| a. |
Annual fee = 2 yen x estimated annual quantity of copies. |
| b. |
Annual fee = 5,000 yen x the number of all copy machines. |
| c. |
Annual fee = 40 yen x the number of all employees. |
| d. |
Annual fee = (20 yen x the number of all employees) + (2,000 yen x the number of all copy machines). |
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<Note for firms>
In case that the ratio of “research cost” of firms is 5% or more to the sales amount, 40 yen in c. above shall be 48 yen and 20 yen in d) above shall be 24 yen, and that is lesser than 1%, 40 yen in c. above shall be 32 yen and 20 yen in d) above shall be 16 yen. |
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| Japan Academic Association for Copyright Clearance, Inc. (JAACC) |
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| Managed works |
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Domestic: periodicals and books published by academic associations, publications and bulletins issued by enterprises, universities, institutes, etc. |
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Overseas: works managed by CCC in the US. |
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| Types of agreement. |
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Domestic: individual license agreement. |
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Overseas: the works managed by CCC )blanket/individual). |
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| Japan Publishers Copyright Organization (JCOPY) |
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| Managed works |
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Domestic: publications published by general publishing companies and Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM) |
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Overseas: works managed by CCC in the US. |
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| Types of agreement |
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Domestic: blanket/individual |
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Overseas: blanket/individual |
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| Japan Reprographic Rights Center (JRRC) |
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Managed works: domestic works mandated by right holders’ organizations excluding the works and scope managed by JAACC and JCOPY. |
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Types of agreement: In principle, blanket license agreement about copying made in firms for their internal usage. |
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| IFRRO (International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations)-centered activities |
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Activities: right enhancement, introduction and improvement of reprographic right management system, promotion of bilateral agreements, coping with new challenges, etc. |
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Members: 48 RROs and 59 local/international organizations of authors, creators and publishers (107 organizations in total). |
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JRRC and JAACC, as full members, and JBPA (Japan Book Publishers Association), as an associate member, are participating in its activities. |
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| Challenges for reprographic rights at the international level |
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Measures to increasing digitized usage of works: Study for mandate of reprographic rights towards international distribution of works by right holders and collective management bodies, and conclusion of bilateral agreements on digitized usage of works. |
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Commoditizing of DB: Preparation for electronic exchange of distribution data of copying fees derived from international distribution of works |
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Collaboration with WIPO: Including promotion of collective management and establishment of such bodies in developing countries, implementation of training and enlightenment activities. |
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